What Are Intestinal Enterococci and Escherichia coli (E. coli)?

Intestinal enterococci are bacteria that naturally live in the intestines of humans and animals. The most common species are Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Normally, they are harmless, but if immunity is weakened—after prolonged antibiotic use, surgery, or other invasive procedures—they can cause infections such as urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, heart valve inflammation, wound infections, and sepsis (blood infection).

Most E. coli bacteria are harmless and are a normal part of a healthy gut. They help digest food, produce vitamins, and protect against harmful microbes. However, some strains of E. coli can cause diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, sepsis, and other illnesses. E. coli are resistant in the environment, surviving for months in soil, water, and faeces. They are resistant to drying and can multiply in certain foods, especially unpasteurized milk. Cooking and disinfectants quickly kill these bacteria.

Both intestinal enterococci and E. coli in drinking water can pose a health risk, especially for children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems.

What to Do If Drinking Water Is Contaminated with Enterococci or E. coli

• Do not drink untreated tap water or use it for cooking.
• Use only boiled water. Boiled water can be used for drinking, cooking, washing fruits and vegetables, brushing teeth, and washing dishes.
• For children, infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, always provide safe drinking water—either boiled or bottled.
• Bathing is allowed, but avoid swallowing water.
• Follow strict hand hygiene: wash hands with boiled water before eating or after using the toilet, or clean with wet wipes; if unavailable, use hand sanitizer.
• For institutions and organizations, it is recommended to post a notice near water taps indicating that untreated water must not be consumed. The notice should specify that only boiled or bottled water is safe.

Residents are urged to follow official guidance and act responsibly to protect their own health and the health of their family and community.

Last updated: 14-08-2025

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