Not Only Mushrooms Await in the Forests, but Also Ticks: NPHC Reminds the Public to Stay Vigilant

In the summertime, we spend much more of our days outdoors: relaxing at country houses, walking in meadows and parks, or venturing into the forest for mushroom picking. But increased time in nature also means a higher risk of encountering ticks—arachnids capable of transmitting serious diseases like tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease. These illnesses can cause long-term health issues and, in some cases, be life-threatening. The National Public Health Centre (NPHC) reminds the citizens that late summer and autumn mark the peak season for tick activity, making preventive measures important almost all year round.

Tick-borne diseases: what you should know

People are most commonly infected with tick-borne diseases—such as Lyme disease or tick-borne encephalitis—through the bite of an infected tick. However, it is important to note that tick-borne encephalitis can also be transmitted through the consumption of unpasteurized goat or cow milk and dairy products contaminated with the virus.

Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral infection of the central nervous system, which can lead to meningitis, encephalitis, and in some cases, death. Between January and June of this year, 176 cases of tick-borne encephalitis were reported, compared to 214 during the same period last year. The mortality rate for this disease ranges from 0.5% to 4%. In the first half of this year, two deaths were recorded, compared to five last year. Approximately one-third of those infected do not fully recover and may experience long-term effects such as difficulty concentrating, sleep disorders, chronic headaches, increased sensitivity, behavioural changes, and, in rare cases, paralysis. “These symptoms can have a significant impact on quality of life,” says Milda Žygutienė, chief specialist in the Communicable Disease Management Department at NPHC. Lyme disease, on the other hand, is caused by bacteria transmitted by ticks. It often begins with a characteristic skin rash known as erythema migrans, but if left untreated, it can lead to joint, nervous system, or heart complications. From January to June of this year, 4,329 cases of Lyme disease were recorded—slightly fewer than the 4,593 cases reported during the same period last year. No deaths have been linked to Lyme disease. Currently, there is no vaccine available for Lyme disease, so personal protection remains the most effective preventive measure.

“When going for a walk or picnic in nature, wear light-colored, body-covering clothing: long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and a hat or hood. Ensure that sleeves and pant legs are snug to prevent ticks from crawling underneath,” advises Žygutienė. “Use tick repellents on your clothing. After returning indoors, take a shower, change your clothes, and hang the worn items in a sunny, dry area—ticks do not survive long in dry environments. Do not forget to thoroughly inspect your body, especially areas like the armpits, neck, groin, and behind the knees, as ticks often attach there.”

Vaccination: The Best Protection Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis

The most effective protection against tick-borne encephalitis is vaccination. There are two vaccination schedules available: standard and accelerated. In the standard schedule, the first two doses are administered 1–3 months apart, while the timing of the third and booster doses depends on the vaccine manufacturer and is specified in the accompanying leaflet. Reliable immunity is achieved after three doses.

“To maintain immunity, booster doses are recommended every 3–5 years. People aged 50–55 are eligible for free vaccination—this includes both the initial and booster doses,” the NPHC representative emphasizes.

What to Do If a Tick Bites You

If you discover a tick attached to your skin, remove the tick as soon as possible. Use tweezers to grasp it as close to the skin as possible and pull it out with a quick, steady motion. Avoid squeezing the tick’s body or applying oils or other substances, as this could increase the risk of infection. After removal, disinfect the bite site.

“If a part of the tick remains in the skin, there is no need to panic—the body will usually expel it naturally. However, it is essential to monitor your health for at least a month after the bite,” says the NPHC specialist. “If you notice spreading redness at the bite site, develop a fever, or experience any other concerning symptoms, do not delay—consult a healthcare professional.”

Last updated: 07-08-2025

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